A barrier option is a type of option contract that becomes active or inactive depending on the price of the underlying asset crossing a certain barrier level. Barrier options can be used for hedging against volatile market conditions to manage risk, or they can be used for speculative purposes for traders who want to take advantage of market movements crossing specific price points. This makes them appealing to traders in the forex, commodity, and equity markets.
A barrier option can have a knock-in or knock-out feature. A knock-in barrier option becomes active when the underlying asset price crosses the barrier level set in the contract, and the option starts behaving like a standard option. On the other hand, a knock-out barrier option becomes inactive and ceases to exist when the market price hits the barrier level.
Suppose an investor purchases a knock-out option on EUR/USD, setting the barrier level at 1.10.
If the EUR/USD exchange rate drops to or below 1.10 before the option’s expiry date, the option ‘knocks out’ or ceases to exist. In this case, the only thing the investor loses is the premium they paid to purchase the barrier option.
If the EUR/USD exchange rate remains above 1.10, the investor can exercise the option as though it is a standard option and profit from the difference between the strike price and the exchange rate.
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