Devaluation is a deliberate reduction in the value of a national currency, relative to another currency or standard, through the intervention of its government or central bank. Devaluation is a monetary policy tool used in countries with fixed (pegged) or semi-fixed currencies. Devaluation can be achieved by lowering interest rates, reducing the amount of currency in circulation, or lowering its exchange rate on the forex market by selling off reserves. For national economies which rely on manufacturing exports, devaluation can make their goods more competitive.
A government or central bank may devaluate its issued currency to make their exports cheaper and thus more attractive in the international market. This can cause an increase in the demand of these exports, which can in turn boost their economy.
Currency devaluation also occurs to make more imports more expensive, as people must spend more money to purchase the same amount of goods. This can encourage them to buy locally produced goods, which can boost the local economy.
Nevertheless, currency devaluation carries some consequences for the local economy.
A country with devalued currency can attract short-term speculative inflows from investors seeking to take advantage of the currency’s lower value. This can create an unsustainable investment bubble that can lead to economic instability.
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